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0.05 Tc 8.5609 0 0 8.3 168.23 358.08 Tm
(not )Tj
0 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 183.76 358.08 Tm
(a )Tj
0.0393 Tc 0.834 0 Td
(solution. )Tj
0.0355 Tc 4.193 0 Td
(since )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.925 0 0 8.3 246.7 358.08 Tm
(the )Tj
8.3687 0 0 8.3 261.48 358.08 Tm
(safety )Tj
8.3469 0 0 8.3 286.72 358.08 Tm
(of )Tj
-0.035 Tc 6.711 0 0 8.3 296.52 358.08 Tm
(S0111e )Tj
0.032 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 318.64 358.08 Tm
(designs )Tj
0.027 Tc 3.594 0 Td
(would )Tj
0.0342 Tc -35.969 -1.272 Td
(become )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3007 0 0 8.3 81.53 347.52 Tm
(inadeqnate. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
10.926 0 0 8.3 128.1 347.52 Tm
(If )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
8.7429 0 0 8.3 138.22 347.52 Tm
(the )Tj
8.5695 0 0 8.3 154.3 347.52 Tm
(theory )Tj
8.3469 0 0 8.3 182.56 347.52 Tm
(of )Tj
0.042 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 193.35 347.52 Tm
(elasticity )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.6181 0 0 8.3 230.63 347.52 Tm
(with )Tj
0.033 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 251.44 347.52 Tm
(allowable )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.5408 0 0 8.3 290.04 347.52 Tm
(stress )Tj
0.0195 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 315.35 347.52 Tm
(were )Tj
0.0369 Tc 2.502 0 Td
(still )Tj
0.0353 Tc 2.154 0 Td
(used )Tj
-0.0113 Tc -36.617 -1.242 Td
(as )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.5607 0 0 8.3 60.22 337.21 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0378 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 75.13 337.21 Tm
(basis )Tj
0.026 Tc 2.534 0 Td
(of )Tj
0.0214 Tc 1.214 0 Td
(design. )Tj
0.0285 Tc 3.472 0 Td
(Illany )Tj
0.0168 Tc 2.888 0 Td
(efficient )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.4401 0 0 8.3 191.5 337.21 Tm
(modern )Tj
8.5779 0 0 8.3 222.84 337.21 Tm
(structures )Tj
8.473 0 0 8.3 263.2 337.21 Tm
(distinguished )Tj
8.3046 0 0 8.3 316.81 337.21 Tm
(by )Tj
0.0393 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 328.68 337.21 Tm
(slenderness )Tj
0.0283 Tc -33.595 -1.272 Td
(could )Tj
0.0427 Tc 2.755 0 Td
(not )Tj
0.0237 Tc 1.812 0 Td
(even )Tj
0.044 Tc 2.381 0 Td
(he )Tj
0.0484 Tc 1.419 0 Td
(built. )Tj
0 Tc 8.9 0 0 8.9 58.3 316.33 Tm
(A )Tj
0.0389 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 68.63 316.33 Tm
(realistic )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.4581 0 0 8.3 101.91 316.33 Tm
(approach )Tj
8.731 0 0 8.3 140.62 316.33 Tm
(to )Tj
0.0467 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 152.32 316.33 Tm
(design )Tj
-0.035 Tc 8.1972 0 0 8.3 180.65 316.33 Tm
(is )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.44 0 0 8.3 190.54 316.33 Tm
(to )Tj
8.314 0 0 8.3 202 316.33 Tm
(calculate )Tj
8.7429 0 0 8.3 239.26 316.33 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0353 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 255.28 316.33 Tm
(collapse )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.4109 0 0 8.3 289.13 316.33 Tm
(load )Tj
8.3469 0 0 8.3 309.28 316.33 Tm
(of )Tj
8.7429 0 0 8.3 320.62 316.33 Tm
(the )Tj
8.6208 0 0 8.3 336.6 316.33 Tm
(structure )Tj
-0.0083 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 50.31 305.77 Tm
(from )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.5607 0 0 8.3 69.82 305.77 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0359 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 84.7 305.77 Tm
(minimulll )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.5378 0 0 8.3 122.79 305.77 Tm
(expected )Tj
0.0389 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 159.34 305.77 Tm
(valne )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3469 0 0 8.3 181.84 305.77 Tm
(of )Tj
8.4967 0 0 8.3 191.74 305.77 Tm
(material )Tj
8.6688 0 0 8.3 225.48 305.77 Tm
(strength )Tj
8.3469 0 0 8.3 259.6 305.77 Tm
(or )Tj
0.0437 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 269.99 305.77 Tm
(yield )Tj
0.0445 Tc 2.595 0 Td
(limit, )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.6165 0 0 8.3 314.79 305.77 Tm
(and )Tj
8.7383 0 0 8.3 331.66 305.77 Tm
(then )Tj
0.0419 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 351.1 305.77 Tm
(make )Tj
0.0317 Tc -36.272 -1.243 Td
(sure )Tj
0.05 Tc 9.1935 0 0 8.3 68.86 295.45 Tm
(that )Tj
0.0499 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 88.54 295.45 Tm
(this )Tj
0.0311 Tc 2.133 0 Td
(collapse )Tj
0.0486 Tc 4.049 0 Td
(load )Tj
0.0487 Tc 2.378 0 Td
(would )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3862 0 0 8.3 186.47 295.45 Tm
(not )Tj
0.0497 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 202.81 295.45 Tm
(be )Tj
0.0339 Tc 1.52 0 Td
(exceeded )Tj
0.0217 Tc 4.494 0 Td
(by )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.7429 0 0 8.3 265.66 295.45 Tm
(the )Tj
8.7874 0 0 8.3 281.91 295.45 Tm
(actual )Tj
0.0476 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 309.29 295.45 Tm
(loads )Tj
0.0456 Tc 2.811 0 Td
(multiplied )Tj
-0.013 Tc -34.004 -1.272 Td
(hy )Tj
0 Tc 7.9001 0 0 7.9001 62.8 284.89 Tm
(a )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3947 0 0 8.3 70.44 284.89 Tm
(suitable )Tj
0.0427 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 103.56 284.89 Tm
(safety )Tj
0.0239 Tc 3.098 0 Td
(filctor )Tj
0.0387 Tc 3.237 0 Td
(\(which )Tj
-0.0137 Tc 3.473 0 Td
(is )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.4151 0 0 8.3 194.56 284.89 Tm
(determined )Tj
0.0303 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 240.63 284.89 Tm
(from )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3277 0 0 8.3 261.99 284.89 Tm
(experience )Tj
8.7732 0 0 8.3 306.15 284.89 Tm
(and )Tj
0.0449 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 324.25 284.89 Tm
(probabilistic )Tj
0.0365 Tc -33.004 -1.243 Td
(considerations\). )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.4556 0 0 8.3 112.04 274.57 Tm
(Depending )Tj
8.6247 0 0 8.3 156.4 274.57 Tm
(on )Tj
8.7429 0 0 8.3 169.42 274.57 Tm
(the )Tj
8.4813 0 0 8.3 185.02 274.57 Tm
(type )Tj
8.3469 0 0 8.3 204.88 274.57 Tm
(of )Tj
8.336 0 0 8.3 215.5 274.57 Tm
(material, )Tj
0.0324 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 252.46 274.57 Tm
(two )Tj
0.0411 Tc 2.046 0 Td
(different )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.321 0 0 8.3 305.02 274.57 Tm
(kinds )Tj
8.3469 0 0 8.3 328.48 274.57 Tm
(of )Tj
0.0364 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 339.1 274.57 Tm
(theories, )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3786 0 0 8.3 50.38 264 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0122 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 63.75 264 Tm
(first )Tj
0.0412 Tc 1.996 0 Td
(older )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.6165 0 0 8.3 100.95 264 Tm
(and )Tj
0.0497 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 116.86 264 Tm
(more )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.905 0 0 8.3 137.74 264 Tm
(mature )Tj
9.1238 0 0 8.3 167.26 264 Tm
(than )Tj
8.7429 0 0 8.3 186.7 264 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0302 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 200.52 264 Tm
(second, )Tj
0.0466 Tc 3.561 0 Td
(are )Tj
0.0421 Tc 1.628 0 Td
(needed )Tj
0.0002 Tc 3.345 0 Td
(for )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.494 0 0 8.3 283.84 264 Tm
(calculating )Tj
8.7429 0 0 8.3 327.34 264 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0311 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 341.2 264 Tm
(collapse )Tj
0.0106 Tc -35.045 -1.243 Td
(load: )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
0 Tc 0.022 -2.457 Td
(\225 )Tj
0.05 Tc 10.0519 0 0 8.3 58.76 233.29 Tm
(If )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
8.5607 0 0 8.3 68.14 233.29 Tm
(the )Tj
8.4303 0 0 8.3 83.5 233.29 Tm
(material )Tj
-0.0137 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 118.01 233.29 Tm
(is )Tj
0.0477 Tc 1.166 0 Td
(plastic, )Tj
0.0465 Tc 3.748 0 Td
(as )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3592 0 0 8.3 170.38 233.29 Tm
(typical )Tj
8.3469 0 0 8.3 199.6 233.29 Tm
(of )Tj
0.0478 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 210.46 233.29 Tm
(most )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.5007 0 0 8.3 232.3 233.29 Tm
(metals )Tj
8.3805 0 0 8.3 261.02 233.29 Tm
(\(provided )Tj
8.925 0 0 8.3 301.18 233.29 Tm
(the )Tj
8.5553 0 0 8.3 317.26 233.29 Tm
(metal )Tj
8.4028 0 0 8.3 341.99 233.29 Tm
(has )Tj
8.3862 0 0 8.3 358.31 233.29 Tm
(not )Tj
0.0492 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 58.81 223.21 Tm
(bcen )Tj
0.0353 Tc 2.417 0 Td
(fatigued\), )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.7383 0 0 8.3 117.58 223.21 Tm
(then )Tj
8.925 0 0 8.3 137.26 223.21 Tm
(the )Tj
8.5111 0 0 8.3 152.15 223.21 Tm
(right )Tj
8.3981 0 0 8.3 173.92 223.21 Tm
(approach )Tj
-0.0137 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 210.89 223.21 Tm
(is )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.7429 0 0 8.3 219.58 223.21 Tm
(the )Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
0.028 Tc 8.4 0 0 8.4 235.1 223.21 Tm
(theory )Tj
0.05 Tc 9.2205 0 0 8.4 261.28 223.21 Tm
(of )Tj
0.0351 Tc 8.4 0 0 8.4 271.24 223.21 Tm
(plasticity. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
0 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 50.51 212.65 Tm
(\225 )Tj
0.05 Tc 10.489 0 0 8.3 58.75 212.65 Tm
(If )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
8.5607 0 0 8.3 68.86 212.65 Tm
(the )Tj
8.3639 0 0 8.3 84.94 212.65 Tm
(material )Tj
-0.035 Tc 8.1972 0 0 8.3 119.93 212.65 Tm
(is )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.553 0 0 8.3 130.09 212.65 Tm
(brittle, )Tj
8.8668 0 0 8.3 160.78 212.65 Tm
(then )Tj
8.7429 0 0 8.3 182.14 212.65 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0488 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 198.47 212.65 Tm
(right )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3981 0 0 8.3 220.96 212.65 Tm
(approach )Tj
-0.0137 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 259.61 212.65 Tm
(is )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.533 0 0 8.3 269.67 212.65 Tm
(either )Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
0.0265 Tc 8.4 0 0 8.4 296.12 212.65 Tm
(fracture )Tj
0.0262 Tc 4.057 0 Td
(mechanics, )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0.0134 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 58.97 202.57 Tm
(if )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.5607 0 0 8.3 67.66 202.57 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0155 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 83.19 202.57 Tm
(failure )Tj
-0.0137 Tc 3.212 0 Td
(is )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3041 0 0 8.3 119.44 202.57 Tm
(caused )Tj
8.3046 0 0 8.3 148.57 202.57 Tm
(by )Tj
8.5259 0 0 8.3 161.77 202.57 Tm
(propagation )Tj
8.3469 0 0 8.3 210.64 202.57 Tm
(of )Tj
0.0405 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 221.2 202.57 Tm
(one )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3469 0 0 8.3 238 202.57 Tm
(or )Tj
0.0341 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 249.48 202.57 Tm
(several )Tj
0.047 Tc 3.563 0 Td
(large )Tj
0.0377 Tc 2.688 0 Td
(cracks, )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3469 0 0 8.3 330.88 202.57 Tm
(or )Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
0.0151 Tc 8.4 0 0 8.4 342.92 202.57 Tm
(damage )Tj
0.0135 Tc -33.714 -1.258 Td
(mechanics, )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
0.05 Tc 9.9067 0 0 8.3 102.53 192 Tm
(if )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
8.7429 0 0 8.3 111.58 192 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0348 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 127.59 192 Tm
(failure )Tj
-0.0137 Tc 3.386 0 Td
(is )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3041 0 0 8.3 165.76 192 Tm
(caused )Tj
-0.0073 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 195.13 192 Tm
(by )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.7429 0 0 8.3 207.82 192 Tm
(the )Tj
8.4724 0 0 8.3 223.8 192 Tm
(spread )Tj
0.026 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 252.4 192 Tm
(of )Tj
0 Tc 1.33 0 Td
(a )Tj
0.04 Tc 0.988 0 Td
(zone )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.6251 0 0 8.3 292.72 192 Tm
(of )Tj
0.0486 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 303.76 192 Tm
(cracking )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3469 0 0 8.3 339.28 192 Tm
(or )Tj
8.5999 0 0 8.3 350.8 192 Tm
(other )Tj
8.4635 0 0 8.3 58.72 181.68 Tm
(distributed )Tj
8.3179 0 0 8.3 102.4 181.68 Tm
(damage )Tj
0.0404 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 133.84 181.68 Tm
(confined )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.731 0 0 8.3 168.7 181.68 Tm
(to )Tj
8.7429 0 0 8.3 179.26 181.68 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0287 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 194.14 181.68 Tm
(microscale. )Tj
0.0496 Tc -17.326 -2.428 Td
(This )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.4097 0 0 8.3 69.85 161.53 Tm
(book )Tj
0.0242 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 91.12 161.53 Tm
(deals )Tj
0.0313 Tc 2.516 0 Td
(only )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.743 0 0 8.3 130.79 161.53 Tm
(with )Tj
9.1072 0 0 8.3 150.7 161.53 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0321 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 165.99 161.53 Tm
(former. )Tj
0.0052 Tc -12.923 -1.272 Td
(To )Tj
0.0448 Tc 1.511 0 Td
(help )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3397 0 0 8.3 90.24 150.97 Tm
(understanding, )Tj
8.925 0 0 8.3 148.78 150.97 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0339 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 163.83 150.97 Tm
(first )Tj
0.0324 Tc 2.206 0 Td
(two )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.7764 0 0 8.3 198.49 150.97 Tm
(parts )Tj
8.3469 0 0 8.3 220.48 150.97 Tm
(of )Tj
8.4494 0 0 8.3 230.62 150.97 Tm
(this )Tj
8.4097 0 0 8.3 247.69 150.97 Tm
(book )Tj
8.4408 0 0 8.3 268.95 150.97 Tm
(are )Tj
8.5865 0 0 8.3 283.43 150.97 Tm
(restricted )Tj
8.44 0 0 8.3 322.78 150.97 Tm
(to )Tj
8.5779 0 0 8.3 333 150.97 Tm
(structures )Tj
0.0339 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 50.04 140.65 Tm
(such )Tj
0.0176 Tc 2.231 0 Td
(as )Tj
0.043 Tc 1.167 0 Td
(beams, )Tj
0.0386 Tc 3.38 0 Td
(trusses )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.6165 0 0 8.3 133.59 140.65 Tm
(and )Tj
0.0482 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 149.43 140.65 Tm
(frames )Tj
0.0277 Tc 3.277 0 Td
(whose )Tj
0.0468 Tc 2.965 0 Td
(stress )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.8634 0 0 8.3 223.8 140.65 Tm
(state )Tj
8.4603 0 0 8.3 244.3 140.65 Tm
(may )Tj
8.5419 0 0 8.3 262.09 140.65 Tm
(be )Tj
0.0347 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 272.76 140.65 Tm
(simplified )Tj
0.0465 Tc 4.689 0 Td
(as )Tj
0.0402 Tc 1.166 0 Td
(uniaxial. )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.6524 0 0 8.3 355.61 140.65 Tm
(The )Tj
8.3282 0 0 8.3 50.32 130.33 Tm
(advantage )Tj
-0.035 Tc 8.1972 0 0 8.3 91.13 130.33 Tm
(is )Tj
0.05 Tc 9.0476 0 0 8.3 100.06 130.33 Tm
(that )Tj
8.5607 0 0 8.3 119.02 130.33 Tm
(the )Tj
0.046 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 133.93 130.33 Tm
(basic )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.408 0 0 8.3 156.16 130.33 Tm
(concepts )Tj
8.6165 0 0 8.3 191.91 130.33 Tm
(and )Tj
0.042 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 209.03 130.33 Tm
(results, )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3404 0 0 8.3 239.16 130.33 Tm
(such )Tj
0.0176 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 259.36 130.33 Tm
(as )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.7429 0 0 8.3 270.22 130.33 Tm
(the )Tj
8.4648 0 0 8.3 285.53 130.33 Tm
(limit )Tj
0.0352 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 307.12 130.33 Tm
(design )Tj
0.0462 Tc 3.246 0 Td
(theorems, )Tj
0.0499 Tc -34.177 -1.273 Td
(normality )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.6165 0 0 8.3 88.47 119.76 Tm
(and )Tj
0.0186 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 104.32 119.76 Tm
(convexity, )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.6138 0 0 8.3 143.5 119.76 Tm
(maximum )Tj
0.0443 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 183.61 119.76 Tm
(plastic )Tj
0.0362 Tc 3.17 0 Td
(dissipiltion )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.7732 0 0 8.3 252.63 119.76 Tm
(and )Tj
8.3067 0 0 8.3 268.44 119.76 Tm
(shakedown, )Tj
8.4408 0 0 8.3 314.55 119.76 Tm
(are )Tj
8.4884 0 0 8.3 328.32 119.76 Tm
(understood )Tj
0.0304 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 50.38 109.2 Tm
(more )Tj
0.0072 Tc 2.623 0 Td
(easily. )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.4209 0 0 8.3 98.57 109.2 Tm
(This )Tj
0.0439 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 118.95 109.2 Tm
(facilitates )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.586 0 0 8.3 159.12 109.2 Tm
(understanding )Tj
8.3469 0 0 8.3 216.88 109.2 Tm
(of )Tj
8.7429 0 0 8.3 227.74 109.2 Tm
(the )Tj
8.3204 0 0 8.3 243.37 109.2 Tm
(behavior )Tj
8.629 0 0 8.3 279.84 109.2 Tm
(under )Tj
8.3854 0 0 8.3 305.5 109.2 Tm
(multiaxial )Tj
0.0407 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 347.16 109.2 Tm
(stress, )Tj
0.0195 Tc -35.755 -1.272 Td
(which )Tj
-0.0137 Tc 2.884 0 Td
(is )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.7429 0 0 8.3 83.02 98.64 Tm
(the )Tj
8.5059 0 0 8.3 97.8 98.64 Tm
(subject )Tj
8.3469 0 0 8.3 127.84 98.64 Tm
(of )Tj
9.2221 0 0 8.3 137.96 98.64 Tm
(Part )Tj
0.0416 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 157.62 98.64 Tm
(III. )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3078 0 0 8.3 58.76 88.32 Tm
(Plastic )Tj
0.0236 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 86.8 88.32 Tm
(design )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3469 0 0 8.3 112.96 88.32 Tm
(of )Tj
8.6893 0 0 8.3 122.76 88.32 Tm
(structures )Tj
0.0443 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 163.67 88.32 Tm
(requires )Tj
0.034 Tc 3.933 0 Td
(resolving )Tj
0.0483 Tc 4.398 0 Td
(problems )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3469 0 0 8.3 269.68 88.32 Tm
(of )Tj
0.0469 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 279.82 88.32 Tm
(two )Tj
0.046 Tc 1.999 0 Td
(basic )Tj
0.038 Tc 2.657 0 Td
(types: )Tj
0 Tc -32.312 -2.487 Td
(\225 )Tj
0.0455 Tc 1.023 0 Td
(Formulation )Tj
0.026 Tc 5.807 0 Td
(of )Tj
0 Tc 1.186 0 Td
(a )Tj
0.0461 Tc 0.876 0 Td
(realistic )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.5631 0 0 8.3 156.7 67.68 Tm
(material )Tj
0.0356 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 191.02 67.68 Tm
(model. )Tj
0 Tc -16.929 -1.214 Td
(\225 )Tj
0.045 Tc 1.018 0 Td
(Calculation )Tj
0.026 Tc 5.436 0 Td
(of )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.7429 0 0 8.3 113.98 57.6 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0394 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 128.8 57.6 Tm
(collapse )Tj
0.0486 Tc 3.963 0 Td
(load )Tj
0.0423 Tc 2.255 0 Td
(if )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.5607 0 0 8.3 188.62 57.6 Tm
(the )Tj
8.4967 0 0 8.3 203.26 57.6 Tm
(material )Tj
8.3787 0 0 8.3 237.34 57.6 Tm
(model )Tj
-0.035 Tc 8.1972 0 0 8.3 263.21 57.6 Tm
(is )Tj
0.0358 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 271.84 57.6 Tm
(available. )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.6676 0 0 8.3 449.22 575.04 Tm
(INTRODUCTION )Tj
8.6898 0 0 8.3 449.48 556.8 Tm
(Both )Tj
0.0466 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 471.28 556.8 Tm
(are )Tj
0.05 Tc 9.4514 0 0 8.3 485.75 556.8 Tm
(wry )Tj
0.0318 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 504.95 556.8 Tm
(rich )Tj
0.0436 Tc 2.084 0 Td
(problems. )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.4213 0 0 8.3 562.28 556.8 Tm
(Most )Tj
8.3469 0 0 8.3 584.8 556.8 Tm
(of )Tj
8.5607 0 0 8.3 595.18 556.8 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0195 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 609.99 556.8 Tm
(first )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.5338 0 0 8.3 628.06 556.8 Tm
(three )Tj
8.889 0 0 8.3 650.41 556.8 Tm
(parts )Tj
0.026 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 672.88 556.8 Tm
(of )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.925 0 0 8.3 683.02 556.8 Tm
(the )Tj
8.5218 0 0 8.3 698.65 556.8 Tm
(book )Tj
8.3814 0 0 8.3 720.4 556.8 Tm
(deal )Tj
8.8238 0 0 8.3 449.45 546.48 Tm
(latter )Tj
0.0475 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 473.53 546.48 Tm
(problem, )Tj
0.0478 Tc 4.42 0 Td
(most )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3469 0 0 8.3 531.76 546.48 Tm
(of )Tj
8.925 0 0 8.3 542.14 546.48 Tm
(the )Tj
8.672 0 0 8.3 557.9 546.48 Tm
(fourth )Tj
9.0674 0 0 8.3 585.37 546.48 Tm
(part )Tj
8.4932 0 0 8.3 604.79 546.48 Tm
(with )Tj
8.7429 0 0 8.3 624.94 546.48 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0273 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 640.47 546.48 Tm
(former, )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.6165 0 0 8.3 671.19 546.48 Tm
(and )Tj
8.925 0 0 8.3 688.54 546.48 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0351 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 704.31 546.48 Tm
(fifth )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.6657 0 0 8.3 723.51 546.48 Tm
(equ )Tj
8.5506 0 0 8.3 449.53 535.21 Tm
(both. )Tj
8.4463 0 0 8.3 458.15 525.6 Tm
(Although )Tj
0.048 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 496.23 525.6 Tm
('brute-force' )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.6941 0 0 8.3 544 525.6 Tm
(computational )Tj
0.0481 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 601.6 525.6 Tm
(approaches )Tj
0.0435 Tc 5.258 0 Td
(such )Tj
0.0465 Tc 2.289 0 Td
(as )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.7429 0 0 8.3 674.38 525.6 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0316 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 688.71 525.6 Tm
(finite )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3258 0 0 8.3 710.55 525.6 Tm
(elemen )Tj
8.4408 0 0 8.3 449.43 515.29 Tm
(are )Tj
0.0288 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 464.15 515.29 Tm
(nmyadays )Tj
0.0494 Tc 4.676 0 Td
(capable )Tj
0.026 Tc 3.759 0 Td
(of )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.4152 0 0 8.3 544.33 515.29 Tm
(providing )Tj
0.0471 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 583.67 515.29 Tm
(numerical )Tj
0.034 Tc 4.82 0 Td
(answers )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.731 0 0 8.3 655.66 515.29 Tm
(to )Tj
8.3886 0 0 8.3 666.22 515.29 Tm
(most )Tj
8.3941 0 0 8.3 687.61 515.29 Tm
(problems )Tj
8.3469 0 0 8.3 725.2 515.29 Tm
(of )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
0 Tc 6.8001 0 0 6.8001 735.23 515.29 Tm
(i )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0.05 Tc 8.5254 0 0 8.3 449.26 504.73 Tm
(type, )Tj
8.3195 0 0 8.3 473.26 504.73 Tm
(much )Tj
8.3469 0 0 8.3 498.16 504.73 Tm
(of )Tj
8.7429 0 0 8.3 509.74 504.73 Tm
(the )Tj
8.388 0 0 8.3 526.81 504.73 Tm
(present )Tj
8.4646 0 0 8.3 559.11 504.73 Tm
(exposition )Tj
0.0043 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 603.35 504.73 Tm
(will )Tj
0.0186 Tc 2.189 0 Td
(dwell )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3916 0 0 8.3 645.52 504.73 Tm
(on )Tj
8.4466 0 0 8.3 659.67 504.73 Tm
(analytical )Tj
8.6251 0 0 7.8001 701.2 504.73 Tm
(or )Tj
0.0105 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 714.12 504.73 Tm
(semi-c )Tj
0.0367 Tc -31.894 -1.245 Td
(solntions. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
0.05 Tc 10.489 0 0 8.1 486.91 494.4 Tm
(It )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
-0.0306 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 496.01 494.4 Tm
(is, )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3469 0 0 8.3 506.08 494.4 Tm
(of )Tj
0.033 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 515.2 494.4 Tm
(course, )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.428 0 0 8.3 543.58 494.4 Tm
(these )Tj
8.3741 0 0 8.3 565.32 494.4 Tm
(solutions )Tj
9.1935 0 0 8.3 601.42 494.4 Tm
(that )Tj
0.0483 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 619.37 494.4 Tm
(lead )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.44 0 0 8.3 636.94 494.4 Tm
(to )Tj
8.5545 0 0 8.3 646.71 494.4 Tm
(an )Tj
8.6243 0 0 8.3 657.84 494.4 Tm
(understanding )Tj
8.3469 0 0 8.3 714.16 494.4 Tm
(of )Tj
8.7429 0 0 8.3 723.58 494.4 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0225 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 449.44 483.85 Tm
(convey )Tj
0.0313 Tc 3.5 0 Td
(insight )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3894 0 0 8.3 507.29 483.85 Tm
(into )Tj
8.7429 0 0 8.3 525.58 483.85 Tm
(the )Tj
8.9309 0 0 8.3 541.07 483.85 Tm
(structure )Tj
0.0462 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 580.09 483.85 Tm
(behavior, )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.4408 0 0 8.3 618.63 483.85 Tm
(are )Tj
0.0392 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 633.48 483.85 Tm
(simple )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.4709 0 0 8.3 661.11 483.85 Tm
(enough )Tj
8.731 0 0 8.3 692.14 483.85 Tm
(to )Tj
8.5419 0 0 8.3 703.69 483.85 Tm
(be )Tj
0.045 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 716.16 483.85 Tm
(used )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.4338 0 0 8.3 449.44 473.52 Tm
(optimization )Tj
0.026 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 500.08 473.52 Tm
(or )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3382 0 0 8.3 510.73 473.52 Tm
(probabilistic )Tj
8.4606 0 0 8.3 560.76 473.52 Tm
(safety )Tj
0.0465 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 586.44 473.52 Tm
(studies, )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.6165 0 0 8.3 618.15 473.52 Tm
(and )Tj
0.0421 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 635.05 473.52 Tm
(provide )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3696 0 0 8.3 665.93 473.52 Tm
(indispensable )Tj
0.0139 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 719.92 473.52 Tm
(chec )Tj
0.0472 Tc -32.588 -1.3 Td
(correctness )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3469 0 0 8.3 493.6 462.73 Tm
(of )Tj
8.5797 0 0 8.3 503.68 462.73 Tm
(computational )Tj
8.3472 0 0 8.3 561.28 462.73 Tm
(approaches. )Tj
8.7991 0 0 8.3 458.33 452.65 Tm
(The )Tj
8.4626 0 0 8.3 477.76 452.65 Tm
(constitutive )Tj
0.0483 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 527.02 452.65 Tm
(models )Tj
0.0146 Tc 3.78 0 Td
(for )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3673 0 0 8.3 574.09 452.65 Tm
(plastic )Tj
8.3462 0 0 8.3 603.82 452.65 Tm
(materials )Tj
0.0281 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 643.19 452.65 Tm
(have )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3527 0 0 8.3 664.81 452.65 Tm
(proven )Tj
8.731 0 0 8.3 695.5 452.65 Tm
(to )Tj
8.5419 0 0 8.3 708.25 452.65 Tm
(be )Tj
0 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 722.08 452.65 Tm
(a )Tj
-0.035 Tc 6.6299 0 0 8.3 731.21 452.65 Tm
(fc )Tj
0.0393 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 449.77 442.08 Tm
(problem. )Tj
0.034 Tc 4.306 0 Td
(which )Tj
0.0444 Tc 3.036 0 Td
(has )Tj
0.0492 Tc 1.882 0 Td
(been )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.4511 0 0 8.3 546.94 442.08 Tm
(tackled )Tj
0.0477 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 577.36 442.08 Tm
(continuously )Tj
0.0206 Tc 6.1 0 Td
(from )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.7429 0 0 8.3 648.46 442.08 Tm
(the )Tj
8.3142 0 0 8.3 663.27 442.08 Tm
(emergence )Tj
8.3469 0 0 8.3 706 442.08 Tm
(of )Tj
8.3861 0 0 8.3 715.93 442.08 Tm
(plasti )Tj
8.7429 0 0 8.3 449.74 431.77 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0409 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 465.61 431.77 Tm
(present. )Tj
0.0485 Tc 4.042 0 Td
(Despite )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.6477 0 0 8.3 531.34 431.77 Tm
(major )Tj
8.3402 0 0 8.3 557.68 431.77 Tm
(advances )Tj
0.0488 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 595.61 431.77 Tm
(in )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.7429 0 0 8.3 606.7 431.77 Tm
(the )Tj
8.4293 0 0 8.3 622.57 431.77 Tm
(past, )Tj
8.4494 0 0 8.3 644.62 431.77 Tm
(this )Tj
-0.0137 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 662.33 431.77 Tm
(is )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3267 0 0 8.3 671.88 431.77 Tm
(still )Tj
0 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 690.16 431.77 Tm
(a )Tj
0.0366 Tc 1.051 0 Td
(\\'ery )Tj
0.0382 Tc 2.419 0 Td
(activ )Tj
0.0336 Tc -32.435 -1.272 Td
[(research. )-182(Some )]TJ
0.05 Tc 8.7726 0 0 8.3 509.21 421.21 Tm
(important )Tj
8.5634 0 0 8.3 550.57 421.21 Tm
(phenomena. )Tj
-0.0021 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 599.91 421.21 Tm
(e.g. )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.7429 0 0 8.3 616.06 421.21 Tm
(the )Tj
8.3197 0 0 8.3 631.18 421.21 Tm
(vertex )Tj
0.0167 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 657.51 421.21 Tm
(effect, )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.4408 0 0 8.3 683.43 421.21 Tm
(are )Tj
0.0441 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 698.28 421.21 Tm
(still )Tj
0.0404 Tc 2.117 0 Td
(ignor)Tj
0 Tc 2.335 0.346 Td
(, )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.88 0 0 8.3 449.67 410.89 Tm
(constitutiw )Tj
0.0483 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 496.78 410.89 Tm
(models )Tj
0.0479 Tc 3.528 0 Td
(typicallv )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.4789 0 0 8.3 561.84 410.89 Tm
(used )Tj
0.0488 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 581.93 410.89 Tm
(in )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.5607 0 0 8.3 592.3 410.89 Tm
(the )Tj
-0.035 Tc 8.2436 0 0 8.3 607.12 410.89 Tm
(ClllTPnt )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.5035 0 0 8.3 637.36 410.89 Tm
(computational )Tj
8.3369 0 0 8.3 694.81 410.89 Tm
(practice. )Tj
-0.0335 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 458.64 400.33 Tm
(\\'I,-hile )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.925 0 0 8.3 482.86 400.33 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0122 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 497.43 400.33 Tm
(first )Tj
0.0179 Tc 2.09 0 Td
(two )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.7764 0 0 8.3 530.65 400.33 Tm
(parts )Tj
8.6251 0 0 8.3 552.16 400.33 Tm
(of )Tj
8.7429 0 0 8.3 562.06 400.33 Tm
(the )Tj
8.4097 0 0 8.3 576.73 400.33 Tm
(book )Tj
-0.0053 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 597.59 400.33 Tm
(will )Tj
0.0399 Tc 1.908 0 Td
(rest )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3916 0 0 8.3 629.44 400.33 Tm
(on )Tj
0 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 640.96 400.33 Tm
(a )Tj
0.0392 Tc 0.776 0 Td
(simple )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.6294 0 0 8.3 674.14 400.33 Tm
(material )Tj
8.3787 0 0 8.3 708.22 400.33 Tm
(model )Tj
/T1_3 1 Tf
0 Tc 5.2 0 0 5.2 733.85 400.33 Tm
(E )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0.041 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 449.68 390 Tm
(only )Tj
0.035 Tc 2.32 0 Td
(to )Tj
0.0445 Tc 1.246 0 Td
(uniaxial )Tj
0.0359 Tc 3.918 0 Td
(stress. )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.7429 0 0 8.3 537.82 390 Tm
(the )Tj
8.98 0 0 8.3 552.7 390 Tm
(third )Tj
8.9257 0 0 8.3 574.81 390 Tm
(part )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
8.3531 0 0 8.3 593.44 390 Tm
(of )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
8.7429 0 0 8.3 603.34 390 Tm
(the )Tj
8.4097 0 0 8.3 618.01 390 Tm
(book )Tj
0.0043 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 639.11 390 Tm
(will )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.5732 0 0 8.3 655.11 390 Tm
(expound )Tj
8.7429 0 0 8.3 690.7 390 Tm
(the )Tj
0.046 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 705.61 390 Tm
(basic )Tj
0.0024 Tc 2.62 0 Td
(co )Tj
0.0425 Tc -33.448 -1.271 Td
(models )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3469 0 0 8.3 478.72 379.45 Tm
(of )Tj
8.332 0 0 8.3 488.62 379.45 Tm
(multiaxial )Tj
0.0456 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 529.08 379.45 Tm
(stress, )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.7732 0 0 8.3 555.75 379.45 Tm
(and )Tj
8.7429 0 0 8.3 572.86 379.45 Tm
(the )Tj
8.318 0 0 8.3 587.91 379.45 Tm
(fourth )Tj
9.0674 0 0 8.3 613.93 379.45 Tm
(part )Tj
-0.015 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 632.87 379.45 Tm
(will )Tj
0.0463 Tc 1.9 0 Td
(deal )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.743 0 0 8.3 666.71 379.45 Tm
(with )Tj
8.4653 0 0 8.3 686.79 379.45 Tm
(advanced )Tj
-0.0336 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 725.2 379.45 Tm
(asr: )Tj
0.0465 Tc -33.166 -1.243 Td
(as )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.7429 0 0 8.3 461.74 369.13 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0443 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 477.85 369.13 Tm
(plastic )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3375 0 0 8.3 506.39 369.13 Tm
(hardening, )Tj
8.4255 0 0 8.3 550.47 369.13 Tm
(anisotropic )Tj
0.0379 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 596.65 369.13 Tm
(plasticity, )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3245 0 0 8.3 636.95 369.13 Tm
(restrictions )Tj
8.6247 0 0 8.3 682.96 369.13 Tm
(on )Tj
0.0409 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 696.64 369.13 Tm
(constitl.lti, )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.4976 0 0 8.3 449.64 358.57 Tm
(stemming )Tj
0.0303 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 488.79 358.57 Tm
(from )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.5189 0 0 8.3 508.54 358.57 Tm
(thermodynamics, )Tj
8.3687 0 0 8.3 576.49 358.57 Tm
(plasticity )Tj
0.0488 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 613.61 358.57 Tm
(in )Tj
0.0398 Tc 1.128 0 Td
(large )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3973 0 0 8.3 643.32 358.57 Tm
(strain, )Tj
8.4074 0 0 8.3 669.82 358.57 Tm
(microplane )Tj
0.0419 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 714.22 358.57 Tm
(model )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3719 0 0 8.3 450.01 348 Tm
(based )Tj
8.3916 0 0 8.3 473.44 348 Tm
(on )Tj
8.925 0 0 8.3 485.02 348 Tm
(the )Tj
0.0486 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 499.61 348 Tm
(idea )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3469 0 0 8.3 517.12 348 Tm
(of )Tj
0.0297 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 526.76 348 Tm
(jJolycrystaL )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.9299 0 0 8.3 573.51 348 Tm
(and )Tj
-0.001 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 590.17 348 Tm
(pl'Oblems )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3041 0 0 8.3 626.56 348 Tm
(caused )Tj
8.0739 0 0 7.6 654.01 348 Tm
(by )Tj
8.6294 0 0 8.3 665.5 348 Tm
(material )Tj
0.0437 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 699.48 348 Tm
(softening. )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.9257 0 0 8.3 450.01 337.68 Tm
(part )Tj
-0.0053 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 468.95 337.68 Tm
(will )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.4611 0 0 8.3 485.19 337.68 Tm
(extend )Tj
8.7429 0 0 8.3 513.1 337.68 Tm
(the )Tj
8.8684 0 0 8.3 528.22 337.68 Tm
(treatment )Tj
8.731 0 0 8.3 568.78 337.68 Tm
(to )Tj
0.0499 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 579.82 337.68 Tm
(time-dependence )Tj
0.026 Tc 7.916 0 Td
(of )Tj
0.0417 Tc 1.187 0 Td
(inelastic )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3551 0 0 8.3 689.53 337.68 Tm
(behavior. )Tj
0.0225 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 458.87 327.13 Tm
(As )Tj
0 Tc 1.553 0 Td
(a )Tj
0.0338 Tc 0.863 0 Td
(special )Tj
0.0456 Tc 3.416 0 Td
(feature )Tj
0.026 Tc 3.5 0 Td
(of )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.4494 0 0 8.3 546.46 327.13 Tm
(this )Tj
8.6945 0 0 8.3 563.5 327.13 Tm
(treatise )Tj
9.0476 0 0 8.3 595.18 327.13 Tm
(that )Tj
0.0444 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 613.8 327.13 Tm
(should )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.5419 0 0 8.3 641.29 327.13 Tm
(be )Tj
0.0216 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 653.27 327.13 Tm
(welcome )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.3046 0 0 8.3 688.09 327.13 Tm
(by )Tj
0.0169 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 700.24 327.13 Tm
(civil )Tj
-0.0163 Tc 2.283 0 Td
(engiJ )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.495 0 0 8.3 449.91 316.8 Tm
(fourth )Tj
8.9257 0 0 8.3 475.69 316.8 Tm
(part )Tj
8.3469 0 0 8.3 493.6 316.8 Tm
(of )Tj
8.7429 0 0 8.3 502.78 316.8 Tm
(the )Tj
8.4097 0 0 8.3 516.97 316.8 Tm
(book )Tj
0.0043 Tc 8.3 0 0 8.3 537.59 316.8 Tm
(will )Tj
0.0456 Tc 1.9 0 Td
(discuss )Tj
0.05 Tc 8.7429 0 0 8.3 582.46 316.8 Tm
(the )Tj
8.3102 0 0 8.3 596.65 316.8 Tm
(plasticity )Tj
8.3204 0 0 8.3 633.52 316.8 Tm
(aspects )Tj
8.3469 0 0 8.3 662.56 316.8 Tm
(of )Tj
8.6314 0 0 8.3 671.68 316.8 Tm
(quasibrittle )Tj
8.6309 0 0 8.3 718.06 316.8 Tm
(mate )Tj
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